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Hull seaman and orphan asylum

Seamen’s Orphanages

Working seamen lived dangerous and peripatetic lives which left families and dependants unprotected. Orphanages were created to provide opportunities for those left behind.

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Port of Hull

Hull is a significant port city which houses the archives of the Mission to Seafarers as well as local marine charities including the Hull Indian Seamen’s Home and floating chapels.

A major research location of the Mariners project is the port of Hull. The port played a pivotal role in the development of trade, industry, and transportation in the region in the nineteenth century.

Much of its trade and fishing activities were in the North Sea and with Northern European countries. The introduction of steamships and railways, and the building of several docks, allowed Hull to handle larger volumes of cargo and expand international commercial networks. The Alexandra Dock was the hub of the frozen meat trade of Australia, New Zealand, and South America. Hull's position as a major fishing and whaling port also became prominent during this period, as it played a central role in the North Sea fishing industry. 

Image: 'Plan of Hull', by G.W. Bacon, Ordnance Survey of the British Isles (1881). Source: Storey's. Public Domain.

Hull was a key centre of seamen's missions and welfare of distressed seamen and their families. Several societies were established in the nineteenth century to serve seamen and Christianity, often in competition with one another. Refurbished and newly founded Sailors' Homes provided seamen with clean and comfortable lodgings. In addition to preaching the gospel and providing spiritual guidance, seamen's chaplains and the clergy offered medical facility staffed by professionals, helping them to cope with the psychological and physical toll of their profession. Christian charity for seamen and their orphans appeared to stand as a symbol of humanitarianism and the importance of community support. It intended to remind people of their duty to provide aid and comfort to those who dedicated their lives to challenging professions. Were these activities a testament to the enduring spirit of solidarity and compassion? The project will delve deeper into their operation to find out. 

 

Resources

Timeline 

1809 – Humber Dock opened. 

1821 – Port of Hull Society for the Religious Instruction of Sailors founded. 

1829 – Prince's Dock opened. 

1834 – Hull Mariners Church Society established. 

1837 – Sailors’ Orphan Institution established. 

1846 – Railways Dock opened. 

1850 – Victoria Dock opened. 

1853 – Sailor’s Orphan Society founded. 

1860 – Sailors’ Home opened on Salthouse Lane. 

1863 – Castle Row Home opened. 

1866 – Hull Seamen’s and General Orphanage opened in Spring Bank. 

1867 – Park Street Home opened. 

1869 – Albert Dock opened. 

1873 – William Wright Dock opened. 

1883 – St Andrew’s Dock opened. 

1885 – Alexandra Dock opened. 

1895 – Cottage Home Colony (Newland Homes) opened. 

1897 – Hull granted city status. 

Citation for this article

Manikarnika Dutta, 'Port of Hull' Mariners: Race, Religion and Empire in British Ports 1801-1914, https://mar.ine.rs/where/hull/
Retrieved 09 October 2024

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Hasaam Latif explores adverse conditions faced by lascars in British ports and depections of the 'Shivering Lascar'.

A profile of G.C. Smith, known as ‘Boatswain’ Smith, the most celebrated of all pioneer marine missionaries.

1782 - 1863

Marine missions and charities in relation to Bristol's floating harbour 

1800 - 1899
Rev. John Ashley (1801-1886)

Pioneer marine missionary and founding figure for the Bristol Channel Mission and Missions to Seafarers.

1801 - 1886

William Henry Giles Kingson, who published as W.H.G. Kingston, was a successful writer of novels and adventure stories for boys promoting Christian hardiness. He was the main motivating force behind the creation of the first national church mission to seamen, the Anglican Missions to Seamen, now the Mission to Seafarers. 

1814 - 1880
Source: National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London. PAH8470.  (CC BY-NC-ND)

The Port of London Society (PLS) was founded in London following a meeting held at the City of London Tavern on Thursday 5 February 1818, ‘to consider the best means for affording religious instruction to British Seamen while in the port of London’.

1818

The Merchant Seamen's Bible Society was founded in 1818 to supply British merchant ships with copies of scripture.

1818 - 1832

Joseph Salter was one of the most prolific missionaries and writers to address ‘Asiatics’ in nineteenth-century Britain.

1822 - 1899

The London Sailors’ Home was the first short-stay, purpose-built home for sailors, and it set the model for scores of others that followed in British and colonial port cities.

1828
Episcopal Floating Church, London.  

The Episcopal Floating Chapel Society was the first attempt by the Church of England to provide a maritime church in the Port of London. 

1829 - 1846
Hull seaman and orphan asylum

Working seamen lived dangerous and peripatetic lives which left families and dependants unprotected. Orphanages were created to provide opportunities for those left behind.

1836

The Sailors' Home was established in 1837 to protect British seamen from crimping and local drinks that the colonial authorities considered pernicious for European constitution, and to 'civilise' them so that they would not destablise the ideology of white racial superiority that underpinned British colonialism.

1837
Maharajah Duleep Bassi dressed for a State function, c. 1875, oil painting by Capt. Goldingham of London.

Duleep Singh was the last Maharaja of the Sikh empire. He lived in England for most of his life and provided financial support for the Stranger's Home for Asiatics, Africans and Soutsea Islanders. 

1838 - 1893

The Wesleyan Seamen's Mission opened in 1843. It was succeeded by the grand Queen Victoria Seamen’s Rest in 1902.

1843

The Seamen’s Christian Friend Society (1848) had its origins in the ‘Thames Revival’ which emerged among common seamen around the Port of London on the final years of the Napoleonic wars.

1848

The Liverpool Sailors' Home operated in Canning Place from December 1850. This establishment provided board and food, and carried out additional responsibilities such as medical assistance, religious instruction, and moral, intellectual and professional improvement opportunities.

1850

The foundation stone for The Strangers’ Home for Asiatics, Africans and South Sea Islanders was laid by Prince Albert on 31 May 1856.

1856
The Mission to Seafarers logo

Mission to Seafarers was established in 1856 as a national Society, incorporating the Bristol Channel Mission and the Thames Church Mission. The Society provided chaplains to serve vessels and seamen afloat and ashore.  

1856

This story recounts the construction of lighthouses along China’s coast under the oversight of the Chinese Maritime Customs Service during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The Customs, a Chinese state agency, had a distinctly cosmopolitan character but was dominated by the British. China’s lighthouse scheme incorporated advanced technology from Europe and the United States and involved personnel at all levels from around the world. This story illustrates the far-reaching British imperial networks and the accelerating process of globalisation during that era.

1860 - 1940

A guide to all the sailors' homes in England, Ireland, Wales and Scotland based on a parliamentary return in 1860.

1860

The prevalence of drunken seamen had far-reaching social consequences in nineteenth-century Liverpool. The annual reports of the Sailors Home state many seamen signed the temperance pledge but the figure never crossed 20 percent.

1864

St Andrew's Waterside Church Mission was a high church mission at Gravesend catering not just for seamen but fishermen and emigrants.

1864 - 1939

The Liverpool Seamen’s Orphan Institute was established in August 1869 in a temporary accommodation in Duke Street. Supported by leading shipowners and philanthropists it provided protection and education for the mercantile marine’s orphaned children.

 

1869

The 'Blood and Water' Salvation Navy was a small mission to seamen created before the Salvation Army created its own Navy. This piece summarises the little that is known about the organisation.

1882 - 1883

In this story Steven Spencer, Director of Salvation Army International Heritage Centre, discusses the History of the Salvation Navy and its vessels, including its first flagship, The SS Iole. 

1885

In 1900, a mission room for lascars was established at Morpeth Docks, liverpool. It was known as 'The Birkenhead Mission to Asiatic Seamen'.

1900

In 1903, a new Japanese Seamen's Home was opened by the Bishop of Osaka at 31 Elizabeth Street, North Woolwich, near the Royal Albert Docks.

1903 - 1920

The ‘British Indian Seamen’s Institute’, also referred to more colloquially as the ‘Lascar Club’ opened in 1909 in 313 Victoria Dock Road, E., opposite the Victoria and Albert docks.

1909

A Lascar Institute in Birkenhead is mentioned in the annual general meeting minutes of the Mersey Mission to Seamen, held at the Liverpool Record Office. This appears to be a continuation of The Birkenhead Mission to Asiatic Seamen. The minutes first mention the Institute from 1910 and continue up into the 1920s, when a new building was constructed.

1910 - 1923
Finished garments for sailors. Source: Ladies Work for Sailors.

Women have contributed in many significant ways to the work of missions to seafarers. Marine industries were and are isolating and dangerous, and the risks were endured by families at home as well as those at sea. Women and children were associated with marine missions initially as subjects of charity, but by the 20th century they were playing a more assertive role.

1913